https://tech.jamaisvu.cn/categories/%E6%8E%92%E9%9A%9C/ Recent content in 排障 on Jamaisvu's blog https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grayfalcon666/OSS-FOR-PICGO/main/1756602474727.jpg https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grayfalcon666/OSS-FOR-PICGO/main/1756602474727.jpg Hugo -- 0.164.0 en Tue, 28 Jul 2026 16:49:25 +0800 https://tech.jamaisvu.cn/posts/comprehensive-post-mortem-of-the-rtl8111h-network-card-failure/ Tue, 28 Jul 2026 16:49:25 +0800 https://tech.jamaisvu.cn/posts/comprehensive-post-mortem-of-the-rtl8111h-network-card-failure/ <h2 id="环境信息">环境信息</h2> <ul> <li>操作系统：Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS（系统代号 noble）</li> <li>内核版本：6.17.0-40-generic（HWE 硬件启用内核）</li> <li>系统架构：x86_64（amd64）</li> <li>网卡硬件：华硕主板板载 Realtek RTL8111H Gigabit Ethernet Controller [10ec:8168]</li> <li>运行环境：全程无法联网，仅支持 U 盘离线安装 deb 软件包</li> </ul> <h2 id="故障现象">故障现象</h2> <ol> <li>网口物理灯亮，<code>lspci</code>识别网卡硬件，系统无有线网口；<code>ip a</code>看不到物理网卡。</li> <li>离线安装<code>r8168-dkms</code>持续 DKMS 编译报错。</li> <li>修复驱动文件后，手动加载驱动临时恢复网络，重启故障复现。</li> <li>环境：Ubuntu 24.04，内核<code>6.17.0-40-generic</code>，全程离线。</li> </ol> <h2 id="根因分析">根因分析</h2> <ol> <li>核心故障：缺失<code>linux-modules-extra-6.17.0-40-generic</code>，内核目录不存在<code>r8169.ko</code>原生驱动文件。</li> <li>次要干扰：<code>r8168-dkms 8.052</code>版本老旧，不兼容 6.17 内核，编译失败。</li> <li>重启复现原因：驱动补齐后未配置开机自动加载<code>r8169</code>模块。</li> <li>排除项：无 r8169 黑名单配置，BIOS 已关闭 Secure Boot。</li> </ol> <h2 id="分阶段排查操作命令记录">分阶段排查、操作命令记录</h2> <h3 id="阶段-1初步故障区分定位硬件--驱动层级">阶段 1：初步故障区分（定位硬件 / 驱动层级）</h3> <ol> <li>查看全部网络设备</li> </ol> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1</span><span>ip a </span></span></code></pre></div><p>现象：仅存在 lo 回环网卡，无 enpxx 有线网卡。</p> <ol start="2"> <li>查看 PCI 硬件列表，确认网卡硬件是否被系统识别</li> </ol> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span style="white-space:pre;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1</span><span>lspci -nn </span></span></code></pre></div><p>现象：成功找到 Realtek RTL8111H 网卡，确认硬件无损坏。</p>